Red & sweet goodness

Red & sweet goodness
Fresh, handpicked strawberries

Thursday, September 12, 2013

Fighting cancer before it happens: antiangiogenetic foods



The first time I heard about foods that inhibit the formation of new blood vessels was during an anatomy class when we were discussing cancer. These foods are very beneficial to cancer prevention, because if a tumor forms in the body, it can´t grow and become cancerous without blood supply. 

This is how angiogenesis i.e. the growth of new blood vessels works (in short): a tumor is able to send a message to our bodies so that it starts growing new blood vessels toward the tumor to bring oxygen and nutrients to it. If blood vessels aren´t able to connect the tumor to the blood supply, the tumor won´t be able to develop into a malignant cancer. Also, if there are no blood vessels to connect the tumor to the blood supply, it won´t be able to send cancer cells to other body tissues, either. (1)

Dr. William Li states that it is possible that we develop tiny cancers in our bodies all the time, but because they are unable to grow without blood supply, they rarely become malignant. (1) For this reason eating antiangiogenic foods is important.
 
Lingonberries
There is a long list of foods that have been found to contain substances that inhibit blood vessel growth. These include all kinds of berries, citrus fruit, tomato, olive oil and dark chocolate, to name a few (2). A full list can be found at http://www.standup2cancer.org/article_archive/view/foods_that_fight_cancer. 

Another excellent reason to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables!



More information about angiogenesis is available on The Angiogenesis Foundation’s Internet site at www.angio.org.
 
Thank you for reading!

Anna-Kaisa

References
1. Dr. William Li. "Eat to Defeat Cancer... Every Day". Eat to Defeat Cancer. 4 Nov. 2011. Web.  13 Aug. 2013 <http://www.eattodefeatcancer.org/ >
2. Cat Vasco. "Foods that Fight Cancer". Stand Up To Cancer. Web. 13 Aug. 2013 <http://www.standup2cancer.org/article_archive/view/foods_that_fight_cancer >

Monday, September 2, 2013

Finnish food

Finnish food is known for its mild flavors. Very often only salt and pepper are used to spice the food, because Finnish people like pure flavors and do not wish to change the taste of the ingredients with strong spices. The Finns also appreciate local foods and I am glad to have noticed that the foods in the supermarkets in general are becoming more healthy: there are numerous products that contain less added sugar or salt, more fiber or no additives.

Rye bread
Often the first thing I want to have when I visit Finland is rye bread. The best kind is the organic sourdough rye bread made in a small village near my hometown. The ingredients are simple: organic whole rye flour, water and sea salt. When it is fresh, it is the best thing: it tastes amazing and it is very healthy. I like to eat it with a buttery spread only, but sometimes I add cheese and cucumber. Other breads are very good as well, there are many excellent rye and whole grain breads, white bread is not very popular. Sugar is added less often than in the U.S., which I find important both taste-wise and health-wise.

The variety of dairy products is marvelous. In addition to good milk, buttermilk, yogurt and cheese, there are very nice dairy snacks. I don’t even know what some of them are called in English! They make full fat, low-fat and fat-free anything made from milk. There is also a cheese of which milk fat is mostly replaced by a more healthy kind of oil, such as olive oil. One item that I wish would find its way into the U.S. is a cream that is used in cooking and is not as heavy as heavy cream but has a more creamy texture than half-and-half.  There are also different flavors, such as three-cheese cream. The Finns use all kinds in sauces and soups, my mom for instance uses it to make excellent chantarelle or winter mushroom soup.

The Finns like to eat hot cereals and so there are a good variety of different kinds. In addition to oatmeal, the Finns love also cream of wheat, rye porridge and rice porridge to name a few. There are many kinds of healthy muesli and cold cereal that taste very nice with milk or yogurt.

Even though there are many great food products in Finland, finding nice vegetarian friendly restaurants has been more challenging than in the States or in Bulgaria. Each restaurant does offer one or two vegetarian choices, but they are usually pasta, risotto or pizza. Other than a goat cheese salad, the veggie food is often unimaginative and unhealthy. This is not surprising, however, because traditionally meat has been the most important ingredient in Finnish cooking. Thus, eating out is nice for the meat eaters, but usually not very exciting for the vegetarians. The snacks in the cafés and the like are delicious, especially if the choice is some sweet pastry, but unfortunately these pastries are not very healthy (though this is common everywhere).

Chantarelle mushrooms
The best thing about Finland and its food, however, is what you can find in the forest and what you can pick for free even on someone else’s land. There are guaranteed organic blueberries, lingonberries, wild raspberries and many kinds of mushrooms up for grabs. According to a magazine I read lately, only about 1% of all the mushrooms are picked! What is more, picking berries and mushrooms is nice and relaxing exercise and it also calms the mind effectively. Fishing is also very popular in Finland, there are thousands of lakes after all!

In all, if you visit Finland, try the sweet pastries, dairy products and rye bread and get someone to take you into the forest to pick some berries or mushrooms. If you are an omnivore, there are many traditional and delicious meat and fish dishes as well.


See you next time,

Anna-Kaisa 

Monday, August 26, 2013

Bulgarian favorites


 
As during previous summers, this year I am also lucky to travel to Europe to see my family in Finland and my husband's family in Bulgaria. We spend a good amount of time in both countries and so I have had the opportunity to try many dishes in Bulgaria and learn a good deal about the food culture there. The food in Bulgaria is excellent, I especially like the cheese, the yoghurt and the vegetables.

Bean soup and potatoes
Typically, Bulgarian cuisine includes bean dishes, baked clay pot dishes and different types of salads and meats. It is very easy to be a vegetarian there, as there are many traditional vegetarian dishes that are really delicious. At a restaurant, I often choose a Shopska salad and fried zucchini with garlicky yoghurt sauce or poached eggs (Panagyurishte style) or peppers in tomato sauce. I believe the salads deserve an honorary mention, because any given restaurant easily offers ten or more different kinds. The basic components are tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, onion, black olives and cheese. These vegetables are offered in different variations, with additional ingredients added in. The Bulgarians don't usually use dressing, they spice the salads with olive oil, vinegar and salt, which works very well. The vegetables in the salads are of high quality and thus very tasty.

Grandma's Peaches
Even though I have spent numerous summers in a place where they grow potatoes, carrots, onions, strawberries and the like, we could never grow warm-climate fruit in Finland. For this reason, it is exciting for me to be able to pick peaches, figs, cherries and plums straight from the tree and eat them! How much better they taste this way, than when bought from the store! Many people grow their own veggies, no matter how small their yards. Additionally, many people keep chickens and I had the privilege of eating eggs produced  by a neighbor's hens.

Shopska salad
Dairy products in Bulgaria are very good as well. Yoghurt was invented/discovered in Bulgaria and needless to say I've had the tastiest plain yoghurt there. You don't need to add anything to it at all, it is delicious as it is. And what is more, there are no additives in the yoghurt, only milk and bacterial cultures!   A hotel we stayed at in the small village of Koprivshtitsa offered homemade yoghurt, which was very nice. As the milk was also provided by the neighbor, you can't get more local than that. The two main types of cheese are feta cheese "sirene" and yellow cheese "kashkaval". I like them both a lot even if sometimes they might be pretty salty. Both cheeses are eaten as they are, in addition to using them extensively in cooking. For example sirene is used as a stuffing  in stuffed peppers and as a topping on french fries. My favorite salad - Shopska salata (which is probably the most famous of them) - is topped with sirene as well.

Cabbage and carrot salad and Shopski style white cheese (sirene)
Banitza is a pastry made of phyllo dough and sirene. It is a very popular item and it is sold in the numerous breakfast stands as well as made at home. It is very delicious, if only not very healthy. The homemade variety is so good!

Bulgaria also offers a curious addition to ice cream flavors:  violet, or as called locally, violetka. It is surprisingly tasty!

When we are about to travel to Bulgaria, I always think about the feasts we will be having. I only have to be a bit careful so that I don't return home pounds heavier! Luckily there is so much to see and to do so that consuming and expending energy balance each other out.

I hope you enjoyed the post! Take care!


Anna-Kaisa

Monday, July 8, 2013

Low-carb weight loss



In a previous blog post I discussed how  low-carbohydrate diets have negative effects on the Finnish cardiovascular health. I’m bringing the subject of low-carbohydrate diets up again because it seems that these diets have become somewhat trendy and so I believe it is important to take look closer.

One of the reasons that people go on low-carbohydrate diets, such as Atkins' diet, is because they seem to help weight loss and as a matter of fact, studies show that low-carbohydrate diets do promote it. One study concludes that “low-carbohydrate diets are at least as effective as low-fat diets at reducing weight” (1). However, this study focuses on short-term weight loss and is not the only study that admits that long-term studies are needed (1)(2).

Atkins would probably choose something else...
When weight loss results of low-carbohydrate diets were compared to the results of low-fat, calorie-reduced methods of losing weight, after six months low-carbohydrate diets yielded better results and greater weight loss than simple calorie restriction. However, the results of these two types of diets after 12 months were the same (2).  The significance lies in the fact that low-carbohydrate diets do not guarantee better results than other calorie-restricted diets, especially in the long run.


Carbohydrates are an important part of our diets, as for one, our nerve cells and red blood cells can only use glucose as their fuel. Also, if one is looking to increase muscle mass while losing weight, carbohydrates are needed to fuel the building of muscle tissue. If insufficient amount of carbohydrates are consumed, the body will produce glucose from protein instead of using it to build new proteins (3). Since low-carbohydrate diets may also increase cardiovascular disease risk factors if the fat and protein are mostly animal based (4), I don’t see many reasons for going on a low-carbohydrate diet, unless it is for very short term.

The reasons why low-carbohydrate diets work are probably because they are appetite suppressing, they restrict dietary choices and because fat and protein are highly satiating (2). However, I believe that by eating plenty of whole grain, fruit and vegetables alongside protein and unsaturated fat can have similar effects, because fiber can increase the feeling of satiety as well. In the end, it all boils down to avoiding the consumption of sugar, which according to Robert Lustig is why Atkins' diet really works (5).

Thanks for reading! Let me know if you have any questions about low-carbohydrate diets or anything else.

Anna-Kaisa


References

1. Hu T, Mills KT, Yao L, Demanelis K, Eloustaz M, Yancy WS Jr, Kelly TN, He J, Bazzano LA. “Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials”. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University. PubMed. Web. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23035144 6/29/2013.

2. Astrup A, Meinert Larsen T, Harper A.  “Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?” Department of Human Nutrition, Centre of Advanced Food Research, RVA University, Copenhagen. PubMed. Web. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15351198 6/29/2013.

3. Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol. Moe, Gaile. Beshgetoor, Donna. Berning, Jacqueline. Introduction To Human Nutrition. BIOL45 Foothill College Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 2013. Print. Pages 163, 243.
4. Lagiou P, Sandin S, Lof M, Trichopoulos D, Adami HO, Weiderpass E. “Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study”. University of Athens Medical School. PubMed. Web. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735105 6/30/2013.

5. Lustig, Robert. “Fructose: it's ‘alcohol without the buzz’”. Department of Pediatrics and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California. PubMed. Web. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493539 6/30/2013.

Thursday, June 27, 2013

Green creamy goodness



Avocado is one of my favorite vegetables (even though it really is a fruit) simply because it tastes so good. Avocado is a little bit unusual as it has a large amount of fat compared to other fruit. Because of the relatively high fat content, avocados also contain more calories than fruit usually do. However, the fat found in avocado comprises mostly of the healthy unsaturated kind and in fact, studies have shown that a diet rich in avocados may improve blood lipid levels and therefore decrease the risk of heart disease. Phenolics and phytosterols in avocado may support heart health as well (1). 

Even though avocado contains a lot of fat, studies have shown that avocado can suppress hunger and increase satiation. Also, consuming monounsaturated fats can reduce the accumulation of fat around the stomach area. (1) This is significant, because abdominal fat accumulation compared to fat in say, thighs, is more dangerous to our health.

Avocado contains a small amount of carbohydrates, most of which is dietary fiber. The amount of sugar is unusually low for being a fruit and what is more, the sugar found in avocado doesn’t behave as normal sugar: the sugar in avocado may help regulate healthy blood glucose levels and possibly even support weight management (1). Interesting!

Additionally, avocado contains fat soluble carotenoid antioxidants, whose absorption into the body are conveniently helped by avocado’s own fats (1). In a salad, avocado or avocado oil can increase the absorption of these antioxidants in the other vegetables as well. 

Avocado is packed with other nutrients: carotenoids, vitamins C, B5, B6, C and E, folate, magnesium and potassium. In addition, one cup of peeled and sliced avocado contains a nice 9.8 grams of fiber! (2)

Avocado is great in salads, sandwiches, wraps and – my favorite - sushi! A vegan restaurant that I frequent serves an avocado smoothie, which is just heavenly. Also, avocado works very well in desserts, such as in this avocado-chocolate mousse:

1 large ripe avocado
1/4 cup cocoa powder
1/2 cup wet sweetener, such as maple syrup
2 tsp. vanilla extract
1/4 tsp. salt
2 tbsp. water (add additional water 1 tbsp. at a time to get right consistency)

Directions: Put all ingredients into a blender or food processor. Blend and add more water if necessary to thin the mousse out. The mousse is very sweet, so it might be a good idea to reduce the amount of sweetener a bit.

If you have a great avocado recipe, please share!

Have a great summer everyone! 

Anna-Kaisa


References:
1.       Dreher, Mark, Davenport, Adrienne. “Hass Avocado Composition and Potential Health Effects”. PubMed database. 05/02/2013. Web. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23638933 cited 6/27/2013


2.       National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Avocados, raw, all commercial varieties. http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2175 cited 6/27/2013